Who╞s afraid of the apa? what the patent system can learn from ...

See generally patent reform act of 2006, s. 3818, 109th cong. ... apa must be expressly stated—and, again, the bare language of section 282.
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ARTICLESWho’s Afraid of the APA? What the Patent SystemCan Learn from Administrative LawS TUART M INOR B ENJAMIN AND A RTI K. RAI*INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270I. U SING VALIDITY TO IMPLEMENT THE GOALS OF PATENT L AW . . . . . . 274A. THE GOALS OF PATENT LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274B. THE INQUIRY INTO PATENT VALIDITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276II. T HE PTO AND A DMINISTRATIVE LAW DOCTRINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279A. PATENT LAW AND THE APA: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . 280B. APPLYING ADMINISTRATIVE LAW DOCTRINE TO PTO ACTIONS . . . . 2841. Factual Determinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2852. Legal Determinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2933. Policy Decisions and Exercises of Discretion . . . . . . . . . 301III. COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL A NALYSIS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW . . . . 308A. JUDICIAL REVIEW GENER...